diff --git a/relay/cache.py b/relay/cache.py
index 1bf20d7..0c76b8e 100644
--- a/relay/cache.py
+++ b/relay/cache.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from blib import Date
 from bsql import Database, Row
 from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
 from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
-from datetime import timedelta
+from datetime import timedelta, timezone
 from redis import Redis
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypedDict
 
@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ class Item:
 	def __post_init__(self) -> None:
 		self.updated = Date.parse(self.updated)
 
+		if self.updated.tzinfo is None:
+			self.updated = self.updated.replace(tzinfo = timezone.utc)
+
 
 	@classmethod
 	def from_data(cls: type[Item], *args: Any) -> Item:
@@ -82,8 +85,7 @@ class Item:
 
 
 	def older_than(self, hours: int) -> bool:
-		delta = Date.new_utc() - self.updated
-		return (delta.total_seconds()) > hours * 3600
+		return self.updated + timedelta(hours = hours) < Date.new_utc()
 
 
 	def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
diff --git a/relay/database/schema.py b/relay/database/schema.py
index ca73c92..55ca608 100644
--- a/relay/database/schema.py
+++ b/relay/database/schema.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from blib import Date
 from bsql import Column, Row, Tables
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from copy import deepcopy
+from datetime import timezone
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from .config import ConfigData
@@ -18,12 +19,15 @@ TABLES = Tables()
 
 def deserialize_timestamp(value: Any) -> Date:
 	try:
-		return Date.parse(value)
+		date = Date.parse(value)
 
 	except ValueError:
-		pass
+		date = Date.fromisoformat(value)
 
-	return Date.fromisoformat(value)
+	if date.tzinfo is None:
+		date = date.replace(tzinfo = timezone.utc)
+
+	return date
 
 
 @TABLES.add_row
@@ -45,14 +49,16 @@ class Instance(Row):
 	followid: Column[str] = Column('followid', 'text')
 	software: Column[str] = Column('software', 'text')
 	accepted: Column[Date] = Column('accepted', 'boolean')
-	created: Column[Date] = Column('created', 'timestamp', nullable = False)
+	created: Column[Date] = Column(
+		'created', 'timestamp', nullable = False, deserializer = deserialize_timestamp)
 
 
 @TABLES.add_row
 class Whitelist(Row):
 	domain: Column[str] = Column(
 		'domain', 'text', primary_key = True, unique = True, nullable = True)
-	created: Column[Date] = Column('created', 'timestamp', nullable = False)
+	created: Column[Date] = Column(
+		'created', 'timestamp', nullable = False, deserializer = deserialize_timestamp)
 
 
 @TABLES.add_row
@@ -64,7 +70,8 @@ class DomainBan(Row):
 		'domain', 'text', primary_key = True, unique = True, nullable = True)
 	reason: Column[str] = Column('reason', 'text')
 	note: Column[str] = Column('note', 'text')
-	created: Column[Date] = Column('created', 'timestamp', nullable = False)
+	created: Column[Date] = Column(
+		'created', 'timestamp', nullable = False, deserializer = deserialize_timestamp)
 
 
 @TABLES.add_row
@@ -75,7 +82,8 @@ class SoftwareBan(Row):
 	name: Column[str] = Column('name', 'text', primary_key = True, unique = True, nullable = True)
 	reason: Column[str] = Column('reason', 'text')
 	note: Column[str] = Column('note', 'text')
-	created: Column[Date] = Column('created', 'timestamp', nullable = False)
+	created: Column[Date] = Column(
+		'created', 'timestamp', nullable = False, deserializer = deserialize_timestamp)
 
 
 @TABLES.add_row
@@ -87,7 +95,8 @@ class User(Row):
 		'username', 'text', primary_key = True, unique = True, nullable = False)
 	hash: Column[str] = Column('hash', 'text', nullable = False)
 	handle: Column[str] = Column('handle', 'text')
-	created: Column[Date] = Column('created', 'timestamp', nullable = False)
+	created: Column[Date] = Column(
+		'created', 'timestamp', nullable = False, deserializer = deserialize_timestamp)
 
 
 @TABLES.add_row
@@ -104,8 +113,10 @@ class App(Row):
 	token: Column[str | None] = Column('token', 'text')
 	auth_code: Column[str | None] = Column('auth_code', 'text')
 	user: Column[str | None] = Column('user', 'text')
-	created: Column[Date] = Column('created', 'timestamp', nullable = False)
-	accessed: Column[Date] = Column('accessed', 'timestamp', nullable = False)
+	created: Column[Date] = Column(
+		'created', 'timestamp', nullable = False, deserializer = deserialize_timestamp)
+	accessed: Column[Date] = Column(
+		'accessed', 'timestamp', nullable = False, deserializer = deserialize_timestamp)
 
 
 	def get_api_data(self, include_token: bool = False) -> dict[str, Any]: